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好 同学们大家好 Hello, everyone

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欢迎大家来学习中级汉语语法 welcome to the intermediate Chinese grammar course.

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在我们开始学习 Before we begin to study

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汉语语法的知识以前 chinese grammar,

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我想先问大家一个问题 I would like first to ask you a question

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就是你为什么要学习汉语语法课 which is why you chose to study Chinese grammar？

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或者说你希望 In other words, what goal do you hope to achieve

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在我们的语法课上 in the grammar course?

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达到什么样的学习目标

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我们来看一看你的学习目标 Let's see whether your studying goal

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和老师的教学目标 and the teacher's goal

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是不是符合的 are the same or not.

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我希望在汉语语法课上 What I hope is that in the Chinese grammar course

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帮助大家解决一些 to help you resolve some Chinese grammar problems

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大家已经学过的 that you have already learned

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但是还不太理解的 but not quite understand.

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汉语语法的问题

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大家已经学过汉语一段时间了 You have already learned Chinese for a period of time,

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对于汉语的语法有一定的了解 you must have known some knowledge about Chinese grammar.

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你的汉语老师也一定给你讲过 Your Chinese teacher must have taught you

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很多的语法的问题 many grammars as well.

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但是有一些 But for some grammar points,

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可能你还没有很好地理解 you might have not well understood.

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所以在这个语法课上 So in this grammar course,

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我们要专门地帮助大家去解决 I would like to help you resolve

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你可能不理解的语法的问题 the grammar issues which you might be still confused about.

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第二个目标 The second teaching goal is that

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我希望能够在这个课上 I hope in this course

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帮助大家解决 to help you resolve

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惰性语法知识的问题 the inert knowledge problems.

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什么是惰性语法知识 The inert knowledge problems are

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就是你学过的那些语法知识 the grammar knowledges which you have learned and understood

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好像在睡懒觉 ,but are sleeping idly.

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你想用它们的时候 When you want to use them,

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它们还没有起床 they are still in bed.

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你不能够自觉地很好地 You can't automataically use

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用你学过的语法知识 the grammar knowledge which you have learned

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去表达你的意思 to express yourself.

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怎么样帮助你们解决 Then how can I help you to resolve

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惰性语法知识的问题 the inert knowledge problem?

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我在这个课上会给大家设计很多 I provide you a lot of

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练习说汉语 写汉语 exercises to push you speak, write

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读汉语 听汉语的一些活动 read and listen to Chinese.

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希望大家能够在这些活动当中 I hope you in these activities

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运用我们学过的语法知识 use the grammar knowledge we will learn.

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经过这样的一些活动 一些练习 By doing these tasks and exercises,

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我希望能够培养大家的 I hope ,you can achieve the

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语法的技能 grammarring skill.

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好 在我的这个语法课上 Well, in this grammar course

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我希望同学们能够改变 I hope you change

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学习语法的态度 your attitude to studying grammar.

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不是枯燥地去背 去记 You're not supposed to memorize

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那些语法的规律 the grammar rules,

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而是能够和老师一起 what you're supposed to do is that you, together with the teacher,

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来观察汉语的语言现象 observe the Chinese language phenomenon

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去发现汉语的语法的规律 and explore the Chinese grammar rules.

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作为老师我在这个课上 As the teacher of this course,

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我的责任是什么 my duty is to

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是让大家觉得 help you find out that

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语法学习是有意义的 studying grammar is interesting.

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我想各种各样的办法 I will try various ways to

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能够吸引大家对语法的注意 attract your attentions to the grmmars.

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只有大家能够注意语法 Only when we NOTICE the grammars,

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我们才有可能学习到这个语法 can we learn them,

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好吗 好 Ok?good.

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现在我们就开始来讲 Now let's start.

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汉语语法的特点 the Chinese grammr features

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和你的母语比较 Compared to your native languae，

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你觉得汉语的语法有什么特点 what do you think are the Chinese grammr features?

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这个问题你们想过没有 Did you think about this question before?

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我们先来看第一个 Ley's see the first

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汉语语法的特点 feature of Chinese grammar.

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这里有几个句子 Here we have several sentences

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我们一起来看一下 Let's see them together.

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这些句子它们的意思 Are the meanings of the sentences

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是不是一样的 same or not?

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第一个 我要和他结婚 The first one我要和他结婚

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他要和我结婚

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这两个句子里边 In these two sentences,

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词都是一样的 all of the words are the same

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可是他和我顺序不一样 but the order of 他 and 我 is different.

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第一个句子里边我在前面 In the first sentence,我 goes before.

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第二个句子里面他在前面 In the second sentence, 他 goes before.

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那这两个句子的意思不一样 So the meanings of the two sentences are different.

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是吧right?

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这个我想大家 I think you

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都能够很容易地看出来 can figure them out easily.

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我要和他结婚

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可是他不一定想要和我结婚 but he might not want to marry me.

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对吧

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他要和我结婚

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意思是我不一定要和他结婚 the meaning is that I might want to marry him.

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我们再来看第二个例子 Let's move to the second example,

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我跳在马背上和我在马背上跳 我跳在马背上and我在马背上跳

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这两个句子的意思有什么不一样 what is the difference of these two sentences?

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想出来了吗 Do you know the answer?

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好 我跳在马背上 well,

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比如说这是一个马背 for example, this is the horse back,

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这是我 this is me

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我跳在马背上是我跳 在马背上 我跳在马背上 is that 我跳 在马背上(jump onto the horse back.)

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我在马背上跳

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这是马背这是我 this is the horse back,this is me

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我在马背上跳 对吧 我在马背上跳(I jump on the horse bakc.).Got it?

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好 第三个例子 Ok, the third example,

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北边的楼和楼的北边 北边的楼and楼的北边

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这两个词组不是句子 对吧 They are phrases,not sentences, right?

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这两个词组它们的意思 Are the meanings of these two phrases

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是不是一样的 same or not?

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北边的楼是什么意思 waht is the meaning of 北边的楼?

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比如说我们这里有两个楼 For example, there are two buildings here

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这是一个楼 这是一个楼 This is a building, this is a building too.

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那个方向是北边 The direction is north.

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北边的楼是什么意思呢 Then what is the meaning of 北边的楼?

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是这个东西 这是北边的楼 it is this one. this is 北边的楼(the buliding on the northside.)

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楼的北边是什么意思 So what is the meaning of 楼的北边?

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是这是一个楼 well, this is a buliding,

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这个地方是楼的北边 this place is 楼的北边(to the north of the building.)

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明白了吗 对 Got it? yes

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北边的楼是一个东西 北边的楼is something,

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楼的北边是一个地方 while 楼的北边is a place.

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这几个例子 词都是一样的 For these examples, the words in them are almost the same,

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但是因为词的顺序不一样 but the order of the words are different,

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所以这个句子 so

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或者这个词组的意思就不一样 the meanins of the sentences or phrase are different.

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我们再看下边的例子 Now let's see the examples below.

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下边的例子有的同学可能会认识 Some of you might understand them.

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这是俄语 对吧 This is Russian， isn't it？

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粉色的字是我的意思 the letters in pink color is 我.

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绿色的字是爱的意思 the letters in green color is  爱.

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黑色的字是我的母亲的意思 the letters in black color is 我的母亲.

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在俄语里这三个 In Russian, the three words

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我 爱和我的母亲 我 爱and我的母亲

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它们的顺序可以有下边的 can be arranged in the

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这四种顺序 following four sequences.

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它们的意思是完全一样的 And their meanigs are the same.

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我们从这里可以知道 From this language fact,we can see that

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汉语语法的第一个特点就是 the first feature of Chinese Grmmar is that

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语序非常的重要 the word order is very important.

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如果语序不一样的话 If the word order is different,

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意思很可能就是不一样的 the meaning will be probably different.

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好 下面我们来做一做练习 Ok, now let's do some exercises to

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看看大家能不能看出来 see whether you can figure out

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这些语序不一样的

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这些词组或者句子 the phrases or sentences which are different in word order.

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它们的意思有什么不同 What is the difference in their meanings?

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好 第一个不怕辣和怕不辣 Ok, the first one不怕辣and怕不辣

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大家看一看 Please look at

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在下边的这两个句子里边 the two sentences below.

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应该怎么选择 How should we choose to fill in them?

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用哪个是最好的 which one is better?

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好 第一个句子 Ok, the first sentence

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我怎么样

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我们去吃四川菜没问题

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四川菜大家知道 对吧 you all know 四川菜,do you?

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它的特点就是辣 its' feature is hot.

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我们去吃辣的四川菜没问题

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所以前边应该是我不怕辣 so ,the former part should be我不怕辣

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好 第二个 Ok, the second one,

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我告诉你 我吃饭怎么样

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你放这么少的辣椒怎么行

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多放点 多放一点辣椒 put more pepper

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我担心这个辣椒太少了 不辣 I'm afraid that it is not spicy enough.

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对吧 right?

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所以这个地方应该是 so in this blank it should be

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我告诉你我吃饭怕不辣

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你放这么少的辣椒怎么行

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好 第二个 吃什么有什么 Ok, now the second one 吃什么有什么

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和有什么吃什么 and 有什么吃什么

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这两个应该怎么样放到 How can they be put in

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下边的句子里 the sentences below?

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好 第一个 The first one

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现在我们的生活好了 东西多了

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所以 我们吃什么有什么 对吧 so 我们吃什么有什么,right?

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就是我们想吃什么 That is whatever we want to eat,

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我们就有什么吃 wahtever we will have to eat.

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想吃北京烤鸭 If we want to eat Peking Duck,

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我们就有北京烤鸭吃 we will have Peking Duck to eat.

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想吃麻婆豆腐 If we want to eat Mapo Tofu，

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我们就有麻婆豆腐吃 we will have Mapo Tofu to eat.

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想吃什么有什么 that is 想吃什么有什么

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第二个 我们在山里不是在家里 the second,

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不容易找到吃的东西

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你别挑剔了 有什么吃什么吧

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现在我们有什么东西 Now

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你就吃什么东西 you eat (what we have.)

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有一个面包你就吃一个面包 If we have a piece of bread, you eat the bread.

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有一个馒头你就吃一个馒头 If we have a steamed bread,you eat the steamed bread.

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有什么吃什么吧

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不要想太多 don't be picky.

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明白了吗 Understand?